Materials In A Mechanical Pencil

A. Graphite
     Graphite is a naturally occurring form of carbon that can also be used in batteries, brake linings, and in the steel-making process. Graphite is the most stable for of carbon and is therefore the basis of carbon's heat of formation value.
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite

B. Plastic
     Plastic is a polymer which is low cost and easily manufactured which is why it saturates the market. They are used in textiles, food packaging, plumbing, and much more.
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic

C. Rubber
     Rubber is a polymer with water and minor natural impurities. It is mainly harvested in latex form and exhibits waterproofing qualities. Rubber is also used in adhesive, tires, shock absorbers, conveyor belts, etc.
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_rubber

10 Interesting Materials and Their Properties

1.) Material: Titanium
     Processing: Vacuum Arc Remelting
     Structure: HCP
     Properties: High strength/low density, resists corrosion
     Applications: Gas turbines in airplanes, watches, car engines
     Ref: https://www.britannica.com/technology/titanium-processing

         












2.) Material: Aerogel
     Processing: Supercritical Drying
     Properties: 98.2% air, very effective insulator
     Applications: Thermal insulation, optical devices, supercapacitors
     Ref: http://www.aerogel.org/?p=4
             https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerogel#Structure

3.) Material: Tin
     Processing: Smelting
     Structure: TETR
     Properties: Melting point = 231.9 C
     Applications: Tinplate, solder, pewter
     Ref: https://www.britannica.com/technology/tin-processing

4.) Material: Lead
     Processing: Sintering
     Structure: FCC
     Properties: Melting point = 327.5 C, harmful to humans
     Applications: Batteries, plumbing, X-ray shields, etc.
     Ref: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Lead.html

5.) Material: Aluminum Oxynitride (Transparent Aluminum)
     Processing: Isostatic Pressing
     Structure: Cubic spinel
     Properties: Compressive strength = 2.68 GPa
     Applications: Bulletproof glass, armor, sensors
     Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_oxynitride

6.) Material: Buckminsterfullerene (Buckyballs)
     Processing: Laser evaporaization
     Structure: FCC
     Properties: Superconducting at 18K, stronger than diamond
     Applications: Drug delivery systems, catalysts
     Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminsterfullerene

7.) Material: Copper
     Processing: Smelting
     Structure: FCC
     Properties: very good electrical conductor
     Applications: Electrical wire, sheets/plates, bronze
     Ref: https://www.britannica.com/technology/copper-processing

8.) Material: Silver
     Processing: Forging
     Structure: FCC
     Properties: Melting point = 961.8 C
     Applications: Currency, jewelry, electrical conductors
     Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver

9.) Material:  Brass
     Processing: Annealing
     Properties: good heat and electrical conductivity
     Applications: Jets, jewelry, nuts and bolts
     Ref: https://www.thebalance.com/metal-profile-brass-2340129

10.) Material: Diamond
       Processing: Cutting
       Structure: FCC
       Properties: very thermally conductive
       Applications: cutting/grinding tools, drill bits, heat sink for circuits
       Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond